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Biomarkers and Indices Reported by the SphygmoCor XCEL

The SphygmoCor XCEL derives a comprehensive range of biomarkers and indices from the arterial waveform. The key biomarkers displayed in the report — and FDA-cleared for clinical use — include:

  • Central blood pressure: The blood pressure at the root of the aorta, providing a more direct assessment of cardiovascular risk compared to brachial blood pressure alone.
  • Central pulse pressure: The pressure experienced by major organs including the heart, brain, and kidneys, which can signal the risk of end-organ damage.
  • Pulse pressure amplification: The increase in amplitude of arterial pulse waves as they travel from central to peripheral arteries, reflecting arterial stiffness and blood flow efficiency.
  • Brachial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic): The pressure exerted by blood in the brachial artery of the upper arm, a standard indicator of cardiovascular health.
  • Augmentation pressure: The additional pressure the heart must overcome due to arterial wall rigidity, reflecting both arterial stiffness and the extra workload placed on the heart.
  • Augmentation index (AIx): The ratio of augmentation pressure to pulse pressure, indicating the degree to which arterial stiffness influences overall pressure within the arterial system.
  • Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR): A measure of the balance between blood supply and demand in the inner cardiac muscle, providing insights into cardiac function under stress.